G protein–coupled receptors...looking a lot like what's needed for GMO's

G protein–coupled receptors...looking a lot like what's needed for GMO's nano/biotechnology processing hmmm?

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that are involved in a broad range of biological processes, and a large number of clinically used drugs elicit their biological effect(s) via a GPCR. Structural information about GPCRs was very limited until 2007, and papers describing new GPCR structures and previously unseen conformational states have dramatically increased in the past few years. In this online special, we present a selection of recently published Nature papers that involve the structures of various GPCRs. Understanding the conformational changes that occur in these proteins when a ligand binds to and activates the receptor should facilitate the development of potential drugs with fewer side effects and more favorable pharmacological properties.


G protein-coupled receptor









Concepts of natural selection apply to the primary building blocks of life, proteins, in the same manner as to organisms. In fact, the molecular level conservation of proteins across evolutionary time is what leads to conservation of function in the organism. One of the highly conserved proteins is the so-called G protein-coupled receptor shown in the picture. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are actually a huge protein family (i.e., superfamily) of transmembrane receptors that sense molecules outside Eukaryotic Cells in species ranging from yeast to humans, and activate very basic biological pathways and cellular responses inside the cells. Among the molecules that bind to and activate these proteins are compounds sensitive to light, odors, pheromones, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Because of the many members of the superfamily having diverse functions very basic to life, involving many physiological processes, many drugs are designed to interact with a member of this ancient and critical protein superfamily.

Molecular phylogenetic studies of protein homology (i.e., amino acid sequence similarity comparisons with assumptions of mutation rate) date one primordial form within the family to 600 to 700 million years ago, a time period often conjectured to correspond to the divergence of invertebrate and vertebrate ancestors. The same method estimates that various mammalian G protein-coupled receptors diverged some 90 million years ago, well before the demise of the dinosaurs.




Fig. 3.


Schematic of the involvement of Gαi2 and Gαq/11 in insulin-mediated GLUT4 translocation. As described in the text, the right side of the figure involving Gαi2 is derived from studies in intact animals whereas the left side depicts findings from cells in culture. The involvement of PI3K and Akt in Gαq/11-mediated actions is controversial (see text). The blue arrows indicate that other steps are involved in the processes depicted. The orange arrow indicates the interactions between levels of Gαi2 and PTP-1B that may involve changes in transcriptional or post-translational control of PTP-1B protein levels (see text). The feedback inhibition of insulin receptor autophosphorylation by PTP-1B is also shown. http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/56/3/371/F3.expansion











Fig. 1.


Heterodimerization plays a key role in the surface trafficking of certain GPCRs. GABABR1, α1DAR, and M71-OR do not efficiently traffic to the cell surface when expressed alone in heterologous cells, but rather are retained in the ER/Golgi complex (indicated by the black circles in the figure). However, coexpression with specific partners results in the formation of receptor heterodimers and enhanced trafficking to the cell surface. http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/content/57/3/289/F1.expansion.html



http://www.medillsb.com/ArtistPortfolioLarge.aspx?IID=59955&AID=4122




Recombinant Receptors – Taylor-Made Targets for your Research

G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) | Nuclear Receptors



Simplified Illustration of Receptor Localisation

Click on the links in the scheme below to access the corresponding product pages:
















































































Depopulation is Real – US Deaths Reach Record Highhttp://theintelhub.com/2012/10/10/depopulation-is-real-us-deaths-reach-record-high/




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Depopulation is Real – US Deaths Reach Record High




By Shepard Ambellas

theintelhub.com

October 10, 2012

Depopulation is not merely an urban myth of globalist fantasy, but a true reality.



There are various agendas and proposals worldwide that are either implemented or on the table from Henry Kissinger’s National Security Study Memorandum 200 (NSSM 200) to Ted Turners admissions on video the globalists want us dead.

In fact, this was the driving force (the globalists mindset) that sparked the idea of our new film SHADE the Motion Picture that will be available this December.

ABC reported;


U.S. deaths surpassed 2.5 million for the first time last year, reflecting the nation’s growing and aging population.

The increase of about 45,000 more deaths than in 2010 was not surprising. The annual number of deaths has been generally rising for decades as the population has swelled.

“If you have an older population, of course you have more deaths,” said Qian Cai, a University of Virginia demographer who studies population trends. “That doesn’t mean the population is less healthy or less vital.”

Before last year, the largest number of deaths was 2.47 million in 2008. The number of deaths can jump up or down from year to year, depending on whether there was a bad flu season or other factors.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released the report Wednesday. It’s drawn from a review of most death certificates from last year.

The report found that the rate of deaths per 100,000 people actually dropped to an all-time low. That was offset by the fact that there are so many Americans — about 314 million.

Other methods of depopulation worldwide include toxins in our water, air, poisons in toothpase, poisons in food, and more.

An excerpt from an Activist Post article reads;


Studies Prove GM Foods and Roundup Lethal

The recent and long-term French study from the University of Caen found that eating genetically modified corn and consuming trace levels of Monsanto’s Roundup chemical fertilizer caused rats to develop horrifying tumors, widespread organ damage, and premature death.

This study has been deemed “the most thorough research ever published into the health effects of GM food crops and the herbicide Roundup on rats.”

The study found:
•Up to 50% of males and 70% of females suffered premature death.
•Rats that drank trace amounts of Roundup (at levels legally allowed in the water supply) had a 200% to 300% increase in large tumors.
•Rats fed GM corn and traces of Roundup suffered severe organ damage including liver damage and kidney damage.
•The study fed these rats NK603, the Monsanto variety of GM corn that’s grown across North America and widely fed to animals and humans. This is the same corn that’s in your corn-based breakfast cereal, corn tortillas and corn snack chips.

The study caused Russia to ban imports of U.S. GM corn due to the cancer risk.

France and most of Europe have effectively banned feeding GM crops to humans and Monsanto was found guilty of ‘chemical poisoning’ earlier this year.

In the Unites States, one in two men and one in three womenget cancer. What role does GM corn and soy play, which are common in most processed foods?

Walmart sells GM corn to its customers without labeling it as such.

Russian biologist Alexey V. Surov, and his colleagues were determined to discover if Monsanto’s genetically modified soy, grown on 91% of US soybean fields, leads to problems in growth or reproduction.

They found that after feeding hamsters for two years over three generations, those on the GM diet, and especially the group on the maximum GM soy diet, showed devastating results.

By the third generation, most GM soy-fed hamsters lost the ability to have babies. They also suffered slower growth, and a high mortality rate among the pups.

Scientific studies have linked Monsanto’s GM corn to organ failure.

Other studies have linked GM foods to cancer. Monsanto’s GM-derived rBGH (which is a genetically-altered growth hormone given to dairy cows to make them more milk) was shown to increase the production of IGF-1 from 70-1000%.

IGF-1 is a very powerful hormone that has been linked to a 2.5-4 times higher incidence of human colon, breast and prostate cancer.

Even Monsanto’s employees refuse to eat GM foods.

As the Health Ranger opined, GM foods appear to be the new Thalidomide, that morning sickness drug from the late 1950s that was quickly recalled for its deadly side effects.

It must also be noted that world famous researchers that expose the dangers of GM foods are routinely threatened, fired, ostracized and their findings denied by questionable “experts” with conflicts of interest. Studies proving GM food health risks are also routinely rejected by bought-and-paid-for government officials.

For many years Jeffrey Smith has been exposing the dangers of GM foods combined with government corruption. Much of his research can be viewed at the Institute for Responsible Technology.

Once one comes to terms with the fact that the global elites want us “useless eaters” dead, all of this can be put into focus.

The information needs to get out to the masses, thus exposing the oligarch’s diabolic agenda.